Beginner Level 初级 (chūjí)
The correct answer to this test is A.
Analysis:
A. This is a type of passive sentence structure called “被(bèi)” sentences. In the sentence “小偷被警察抓住了。(Xiǎotōu bèi jǐngchá zhuā zhù le.)” The subject “小偷 (xiǎotōu)” is the receiver of an action and the preposition “被 (bèi)” is put before the performer of the action. 警察 (jǐngchá) is the object of the preposition. The sentence structure is subject+被+object of preposition+verb+other elements.
B. 把 sentences are usually used to emphasize how the object of a verb is disposed of and what result is brought about. For example: 我把那杯咖啡喝了。(Wǒ bǎ nà bēi kāfēi hē le.) I drank that cup of coffee. The sentence structure is subject+把+object (thing disposed of) +verb+other elements.
C. 过 is a verb to express pass such as “路过 (lùguò)” and “通过 (tōngguò).” But it is also an aspect particle which denotes that some actions took place in the past. For example: 我吃过这道菜。(Wǒ chīguò zhè dào cài.) I have had this dish before.
D. “怕 (pà)” is a verb that means “to be afraid.”
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But in spoken Chinese, one can add a “给” expressing the passive after the prepositional complement. For example: 那本汉语阅读书已经叫人给借走了。That book of Chinese reading has been borrowed by someone.
Are 让 and 叫 the same as 被?
Yes, 被 is mostly used in written Chinese whereas 叫 and 让 are usually used in spoken Chinese.